
Profesor Invitado: Dr. Eduardo Rico Fontalvo
Especialista en Nefrología
Objetivo de Aprendizaje:
- Integrar hallazgos clínicos, electrocardiográficos y bioquímicos para realizar un diagnóstico adecuado de la hipercalemia.
- Identificar las posibles causas y factores precipitantes asociados a la hipercalemia, incluyendo medicamentos y condiciones subyacentes.
- Evaluar la severidad y el riesgo clínico del paciente mediante la estratificación de niveles de potasio, alteraciones en ECG y contexto clínico.
Referencias:
- Zacchia M, et al. Potassium: From Physiology to Clinical Implications. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2016 Jun;2(2):72-9.
- Palmer BF, et al. Clinical Management of Hyperkalemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Mar;96(3):744-762.
- Rico-Fontalvo J, et al. Hiperkalemia crónica, diagnóstico y manejo. Consenso colombiano. Arch Cardiol Mex. 2023;93(Supl):1-12.
- Viera AJ, Wouk N. Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Sep 15;92(6):487-95.
- National Kidney Foundation. High Potassium (hyperkalemia). Julio 2023. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/hyperkalemia-high-potassium
- Dunn JD, et al. The burden of hyperkalemia in patients with cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Manag Care. 2015 Nov;21(15 Suppl):s307-15.
- Murphy D, Banerjee D. Hyperkalaemia in Heart Failure: Consequences for Outcome and Sequencing of Therapy. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2022 Aug;19(4):191-199.
- Simon LV, Rout P. Hyperkalemia. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan. 2025 Dec 1.
- National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Function. Octubre 2024. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidney-function
- National Kidney Foundation. Kidneys: Master Chemists of the Body. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-topics/kidneys-master-chemists-body
- Giebisch G, Krapf R, Wagner C. Renal and extrarenal regulation of potassium. Kidney Int. 2007 Aug;72(4):397-410.
- Rossignol P, et al. Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: Guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt A):585-591.
- Rastegar A, Soleimani M. Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia. Postgrad Med J. 2001 Dec;77(914):759-64.
- Watanabe R. Hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020 Jan 13;66Suppl 1(Suppl 1):s31-s36.
- Bianchi S, et al. Management of hyperkalemia in patients with kidney disease: a position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol. 2019 Aug;32(4):499-516.
- Kovesdy CP. Management of hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014 Nov;10(11):653-62.
- Vardeny O, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Circ Heart Fail. 2014 Jul;7(4):573-9.
- Xu H, et al. Prevalence of hyperkalemia in DOPPS: a real-world, international cohort of hemodialysis patients. Poster presented at: European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA–EDTA) 54th Annual Congress; 2017 Jun 3–6; Madrid, Spain. DOI: 10.3252/pso.eu.54ERA.2017.
- Bem D, et al. The effect of hyperkalemia and long inter-dialytic interval on morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review. Ren Fail. 2021 Dec;43(1):241-254.
- Nilsson E, et al. Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system. Int J Cardiol. 2017 Oct 15:245:277-284.
- Chomicki J, et al. Evaluation of the incidence of hyperkalemia in patients prescribed spironolactone for the treatment of resistant hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(4S):e30. Abs. P-10.
- Khosla N, et al. Predictors of hyperkalemia risk following hypertension control with aldosterone blockade. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30(5):418-24.
- Horne L, et al. Epidemiology and health outcomes associated with hyperkalemia in a primary care setting in England. BMC Nephrol. 2019 Mar 6;20(1):85.
- Madero M, et al. Hyperkalaemia prevalence and risk factors in chronic kidney disease and heart failure: insights from iCaReMe Registry Latin America cohort. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025;40(Suppl 1):gfaf116.1473.
- Collins AJ, et al. Association of Serum Potassium with All-Cause Mortality in Patients with and without Heart Failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, and/or Diabetes. Am J Nephrol. 2017;46(3):213-221.